![]() ![]() ![]() Dive in, get inspired, and grab your chart paper. In this article, I’m excited to unveil 51 stellar anchor charts focused on reading strategies that have consistently delivered results. As students read, have them reference and make connections to the anchor chart you’ve chosen to use in class. And the best part? No two anchor charts are the same! They’re tailored to the unique dynamics and needs of each classroom, making them relevant, effective, and deeply personal. Idea 2: Use a elements anchor chart as students read stories. ![]() Created in tandem with the entire class, small groups, or individual students, they capture shared understanding, evolving and growing just as our learners do. Think of them as a reading strategies poster that can become a part of your lesson plans.īut what makes anchor charts truly special is their co-creation. They illustrate essential concepts and strategies in an easy-to-understand manner, giving students the reinforcement they need right when needed. At their core, anchor charts are collaborative pieces of reference material created during the teaching process. They’re powerful teaching tools that anchor learning, quite literally. These visual gems are more than just decorative wall art for your classroom. Have you ever been in the middle of a lesson, searching for that magic tool to make a concept come alive for your students? Or perhaps you’ve struggled to find a great way to keep important reading strategies at the forefront of your students’ minds? If either rings true, you’re about to embark on a transformative journey!Įnter the world of anchor charts. ![]()
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![]() ![]() They can also interact with another toddler Sims, preteen Sims, teen Sims, and senior Sims. They also need the help of an adult Sim to wash themselves. They cannot eat alone and therefore need an adult Sim to give them food, unless using a dish cooked by an adult Sim. Toddler: Toddler Sims can do many things, such as walking, talking, going to the toilet, going to bed alone, riding toy horses and more.Infant Sims can only interact with teen Sims, adult Sims, senior Sims, and some pets. Once the wait is over, the player can customize the infant Sim's appearance, name, skin colour, etc. Then the second, cheaper option, lasts 9 days and you can carry out various actions that at the birth of the infant Sim will give them a life bonus that will give them various enhancements (their needs are lowered more slowly, they finish the actions earlier, etc.) up to their death. During this time, the pregnant Sim's belly grows until delivery at the end of the 6 days. Then, with an update, released in early summer 2018, a pregnant Sim can now become incitement, in 2 different ways: The first lasts 6 human days, and is the most expensive. After that is done, you need to wait 24 hours for the stork for the birth of the infant Sim. Infant: To give birth to an infant Sim, just buy a crib from the catalog, use it, and pay a price of 3 Lifestyle Points or a set price in Simoleons (if you have already finished the Life Dreams and Legacies quest, or if it's your first infant Sim).The various characteristics for each stage are these: Each Sim can advance in stage (therefore in age) via a birthday cake, an item that is obtained for the price of five life points after a day of work on a Sim in the oven. There are six life stages and they differ from each other both in terms of the graphic aspect of the Sim and the actions it can perform. The game features three types of currency: Simoleons, Lifestyle Points, and Social Points, the latter being obtainable by spending real currency or earning it in-game. Sims must bake a cake to age until completion of a certain quota of discovery quests. In the game, there are "quests" that players are required to complete as well as optional quests ("discovery quests") that they may choose to pursue. If the player buys items from the online store, they become a VIP that will allow them to increase the number of Sims they can have in their town. Families of Sims can have children provided there is one adult Sim there is a limit on the amount of allowable couples due to a limit on the people in the player's town. Players can progress through 55 levels to unlock content (such as furniture for the Sims’ houses) that can be purchased with the virtual currencies previously mentioned. All actions must be instructed by players, unlike in the Windows version, where Sims have some degree of autonomy. The game runs in real-time, and takes real time to complete actions. Players can control their Sims to satisfy their wishes, and let them complete different kinds of actions to gain Simoleons, Lifestyle Points, and Social Points (all three currencies in the game). In The Sims FreePlay, players "build" and design houses and customize and create (a maximum of 34) virtual people called Sims. It is a freemium version of The Sims for mobile devices it was released for iOS on December 15, 2011, released for Android on February 15, 2012, released for BlackBerry 10 on July 31, 2013, and released for Windows Phone 8 on September 12, 2013. The Sims FreePlay is a strategic life simulation game developed by EA Mobile and later with Firemonkeys Studios. Sims Freeplay is a very entertaining game that the saga enthusiasts are going to love, as it has practically all the functionality that made it popular, and allows you to play from your mobile phone.IOS, Android, BlackBerry 10, Windows Phone ![]() ![]() Sims Freeplay doesn't have any relation to the Facebook version, although you will still need an Internet connection to be able to connect to the EA servers and play.Īs you can appreciate on the video and the images, the game's graphics are spectacular, which means you will need a relatively powerful device to get the game to run properly. You can also select tasks for your Sims, have them mingle, and, ultimately, everything else you can do in other games of the saga. Once this is done, you can put them in an already-designed home to live, or create your own home from zero, and decorate it how you see best. You can create up to 16 different Sims, personalizing each one of their features and modifying their appearance to your liking. The Sims Freeplay is a mobile version for Android devices designed by the creators of the original Sims 3 for PC, in which you can control your Sims' day-to-day directly from your mobil phone. ![]() ![]() ![]() The names of the components of the calculating device were borrowed from the textile industry. In 1837, Jacquard's loom inspired Charles Babbage to attempt to build the Analytical Engine. At each stage in hardware's history, the task of computer programming changed dramatically.Īnalytical Engine Lovelace's description from Note G Improvements in software development are the result of improvements in computer hardware. See also: Computer programming § History, Programmer § History, History of computing, History of programming languages, and History of software Here is an example computer program, in Basic, to average a list of numbers: Also, variables are automatically initialized to zero. For example, variables are not declared before being used. The syntax of the language BASIC (1964) was intentionally limited to make the language easy to learn. The "Hello, World!" program is used to illustrate a language's basic syntax. Moreover, the interpreter must be installed on the computer. Running the source code is slower than running an executable. The interpreter then loads the source code into memory to translate and execute each statement. If the source code is requested for execution, then the operating system loads the corresponding interpreter into memory and starts a process. The central processing unit will soon switch to this process so it can fetch, decode, and then execute each machine instruction. If the executable is requested for execution, then the operating system loads it into memory and starts a process. Alternatively, source code may execute within an interpreter written for the language. ![]() ( Assembly language programs are translated using an assembler.) The resulting file is called an executable. Therefore, source code may be translated to machine instructions using a compiler written for the language. Source code needs another computer program to execute because computers can only execute their native machine instructions. Ī computer program in its human-readable form is called source code. It is one component of software, which also includes documentation and other intangible components. Source code for a computer program written in the JavaScript languageĪ computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute. For the TV program, see The Computer Programme. ![]() ![]() ![]() Hi guys, I've been working on this income/expense tracking spreadsheet for my gf with some basic functions. Points Leaderboard #Ĭlick Here to see the full list. Please be patient, sometimes it takes a couple of minutes. ![]() OPs must reply to the best solution with "Solution Verified" to change the flair to 'Solved' and award the user a ClippyPoint. You can use this Google Form link to request a shared google sheet be emailed to you that you can use to provide a sample of your issue. Providing a sample of data will make it easier for others to help you. Google's Function List Provide your data! Submissions Submission Guide Wiki Resources tldw: make sure you're forming an LLC for a specific legal or tax reason that an advisor has recommended.Help and support with your functions, formulas, formatting, and Apps Scripts macros in Google Sheets. Here's a video I made about the common mistake of new business owners assuming they need an LLC. if you're complicated/prolific enough to need "real" bookkeeping.Īlso, since you're asking about commingling personal and business funds (a bad idea in almost all cases), I suspect you're not terribly sophisticated in choosing an LLC as your legal structure. The statement of your business bank account - if all of your expenses are being paid from one account (or a few accounts), then it's easy.Īccounting software like Xero, FreshBooks, QuickBooks, etc. Just a regular old spreadsheet (if there isn't going to be much activity) What sorts of expenses will your business be incurring? Are there a lot of them? Are they all operating expenses or will there be some capital investments too? I'm a tax attorney who answers this question alot. It really is a better timesaver over excel, especially since my accounting software is cloud based and it's easier to do that then pull up a sheet from google drive and change the parameters from there. With that said, I run so many different and varied P&Ls that I prefer the accounting software. Then, you have a nice clean table from which you can just either run a pivot table, or manually do some vlookups or index matches to build your financial tables. Set up your sheet, and pull a query that's run against the export of your accounting software, being sure to include the account, date, and the amount. Adding some automation through queries simply makes it super easy. ![]() Yes - I use Wave for my general ledger and books work, but simply going in and checking the forecast, and seeing how we came in month to month - excel works great. I have found that in terms of budgeting and forecasting with small business, nothing beats excel. It makes my day to day living a little tighter, but I like seeing my retirement money go up and I love knowing I don't have to scramble for tax money. That's not only for taxes, it's also for my 401k and other savings things. Here's some unsolicited advice: my accountant told me to save 50% of what I make. I have an accountant who has access to everything and will periodically ask me questions or call me out ("The lunch at the bar is NOT a business expense!'). All the money that I make goes into the business checking account, all my day to day expenses go on the credit card (which I pay from the business account), and all the money for taxes or fees that I know are going to happen later going to my savings. I'm all about getting a designated business account, a designated business credit card, and a designated business savings account. I'll just tell you how I do it but keep in mind that I'm not the best. Location Specific Small Business Subreddit No Personal Attacks, Trolling, or Toxicity.You can promote your business in a relevant reply to a post or comment in other threads. Offers of free services under the pretense of 'building your portfolio' are considered business promotion, and not permitted in posts. Promote your business in the weekly Promote-your-business thread only. Practically all content, small business-related or not.Īllowed are links or quotes in comments and replies that are relevant to and come normally in the course of discussions. ![]() Note: You can post own experiences in the new weekly stickied or pinned share-your-experience thread.īlogspam has been defined very early in r/smallbusiness as content that maybe text articles, images, or video. NO business promotion, lead generation, rants, info-tainment, success stories or unsolicited instructional texts, treatise, or how-to's are permitted in posts. You ask a question about starting, owning, and growing a small business and the community answers. R/smallbusiness is a question and answer subreddit. ![]() ![]() (sXX) AQUAMAN, BATMAN, CYBORG, DC SUPER FRIENDS, THE FLASH, GREEN LANTERN, JUSTICE LEAGUE, SUPERMAN, WONDER WOMAN and all related characters and elements © & ™ DC. (sXX) BUGS BUNNY BUILDERS: ANIMATED SERIES, LOONEY TUNES, SPACE JAM, SPACE JAM: A NEW LEGACY, ANIMANIACS, PINKY AND THE BRAIN and all related characters and elements © & ™ Warner Bros. (sXX) TOM AND JERRY and all related characters and elements © & ™ Turner Entertainment Co. Entertainment Inc and Ted Wolf (sXX) TOM AND JERRY and all related characters and elements © & ™ Turner Entertainment Co. (sXX) THUNDERCATS and all related characters and elements ™ of Warner Bros. ![]() ![]() All rights reserved.ĪDVENTURE TIME, BEN 10, THE POWERPUFF GIRLS, STEVEN UNIVERSE, WE BARE BEARS, RICK AND MORTY, AQUA TEEN HUNGER FORCE, CHOWDER, COURAGE THE COWARDLY DOG, COW AND CHICKEN, DEXTER'S LABORATORY, ED, EDD N EDDY, FOSTER'S HOME FOR IMAGINARY FRIENDS, THE GRIM ADVENTURES OF BILLY & MANDY, I AM WEASEL, JOHNNY BRAVO, ROBOT CHICKEN, SAMURAI JACK and all related characters and elements © & ™ Cartoon Network (sXX) CARTOON NETWORK Logo are © & ™ Cartoon Network (sXX) THE FLINTSTONES, THE JETSONS, SCOOBY-DOO, WACKY RACES, SPACE GHOST COAST TO COAST and all related characters and elements © & ™ Hanna-Barbera (sXX) SCOOB and all related characters and elements © & ™ Hanna-Barbera and Warner Bros. Sesame Street® and associated characters, trademarks and design elements are owned and licensed by Sesame Workshop. And the images are copyrighted by Sanrio Co., Ltd. Sanrio characters are registered trademarks of Sanrio Co., Ltd. Excludes bulk, bundles, and new products launched in the last 90 days.ĭisney elements ©Disney. **Must be signed in with a valid Cricut Access account to participate in the sale. Excludes machines and extensions, bulk, bundles, Protection Plans, and new products launched in the last 90 days. CA residents: Loans by Affirm Loan Services, LLC are made or arranged pursuant to a California Finance Lenders Law license. For example, an $800 purchase could be split into 12 monthly payments of $73 at 15% APR, or 4 interest-free payments of $200 every 2 weeks. A down payment may be required and payment options depend on your purchase amount, are subject to an eligibility check and other exclusions, and may not be available in all states. º Product financing and payment options are provided through Affirm and these lending partners: /lenders. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() You can get 19 other free Mother’s Day cut files this month from some of my friends.Įach blog will tell you how to get their free cut file to use for your projects. Art India Collections Gold Mini Hexagon Box, Geometric Ring Box, Wedding Ring Box, Ring Bearer, Mini Hexagon Lidded Box 4x2 centimeters Pack of 2. Click here to purchase the Business Edition Software Upgrade-Īdd ribbon or other embellishments to the top for some extra pizzaz. It is the version that allows for SVGs to work seamlessly with the Silhouette Software. ring makers, goldsmiths and jewellers, gold swivel makers, gold weavers. Having the Business Edition of the software will make using the SVG a breeze. ornament makers, burnished silver manufacturers, cameo cutters, chasers. Add to Favorites Were Engaged 2023 - Gold Diamond Ring Engaged Ornament -Personalized Engagement Gift for Couple Keepsake -Engagement Gift for Best Friend (8.8k) 14.95. Bride and Groom Gifts Glass Blown Ornaments for Christmas Tree, Ring in Box. Shop 3' Christmas Ring Box Ornament by Place & Time at JOANN fabric and craft store online to stock up on the best supplies for your project. Import your FREE Jewelry Box SVG into Silhouette Software to use the design. Diamond Ring in Box Glass Christmas Ornament (324) 24.00. Wedding Ring Picture Ornament for Christmas Tree - Engaged Christmas Ornament - 1st Christmas Together Ornament 2023 - Wedding Ornament 2023. Just search for “Amy Robison” to see some of my designs. Rather than a character, it features Sleeping Beauty castle sitting atop a blue bejeweled ornament box. Nice gift: this Christmas ornament ring box is designed to organize rings and earrings, suitable for giving gifts to your loved ones on meaningful occasions such as proposals, engagements, weddings, birthdays and anniversaries, Mother's Day, Christmas, etc. If you plan to propose inside Disneyland Park itself, this ornament is perfect. I also love making my own using printable designs from the Silhouette Design Store. Personalized Engagement Ring OrnamentEngagement OrnamentChristmas OrnamentsHand Personalized OrnamentProposal OrnamentRing Box Ornament (4.4k) Sale Price 14.99 14.99 19.99 Original Price 19.99 (25 off) Add to Favorites Engagement Gifts for Couple Personalized Wooden Engagement Ornament. Disneyland Engagement Ring Holder Ornament 44.99. For these jewelry boxes I used patterned paper from one of my favorite shops, Felicity Jane. This item Lenox 2020 Together Forever Ring Box Ornament, 0.35 LB, Multi Lenox 2021 Our 1St Christmas Together Dove Ornament, 0.30 LB, Metallic Lenox 2022 Bride and Groom Ornament, 0. The password is included in every email I send to you, just check your inbox! Once subscribed, you will get an email with a link to the freebie library and the password to get access to the files.Ĭlick the file title to download it to your computer. Now you can make tiny boxes for treasured creations with this FREE jewelry box SVG from the freebie library.Ĭlick here to subscribe to the free cut file library and Amy Robison Design newsletter. ![]() Whether your mother’s day necklace is made out of macaroni or pony beads (which are super popular right now), create this DIY jewelry box with just a couple of supplies. They are so simple your littles will love making them to give to grandma too. Keep reading to see how you can make a cardstock jewelry box with a free cut file. I also know it is nice to have a box or container to corral said treasured jewelry and keep it from breaking. If you purchase something through the link, I may receive a small commission at no extra charge to you.Īs a mom of four, I know a thing or two about homemade jewelry for mother’s day. $(this).closest('#shortNewsletterFormConfigWrapper').find('.This post may contain affiliate links. ![]() ![]() ![]() Step 2: Next, you’ll need an FTP client to act as the bridge between the port and your Google Drive. Select the account where you want the FTP server to be set up, enter the password and give the required permission. That’ll redirect you to the browser where you’ll be asked to select your Google Account. Step 1: Once the JRE is set up, double-click on the FTP Adapter file. However, as we mentioned above, you’d need the JAVA Runtime Environment on your system before you can run it. CONFIGURING GOOGLE DRIVE FTP ADAPTERĬonfiguring the Google Drive FTP Adapter is a simple process. ![]() All you need to do is click on one, and the file will open in your default browser. As soon as you click on Apply or OK, you’ll be redirected to the network locations of your computer immediately. You can modify the settings such as sign-in on reconnection, read-only, public or private connection, etc. So if you want to add multiple drives, you can always assign easily distinguishable names. By default, RaiDrive labels it as Drive Z. ![]() You can select the name of the drive from the dropdown. Once your credentials and the permissions are verified, you’ll be able to see the Network Drive. Step 2: When asked for your permissions, click on Allow. Select Google Drive and click the OK button. Step 1: After installing RaiDrive, open it. And after you install it, please remember to keep the connection as Private. To run it, you’d need to have Java Runtime Environment (JRE 8) on your PC. Google Drive FTP Adapter is a simple JAR file. The tool is light and measures about 16MB. RaiDrive is a light tool which lets you access your Google Drive files and folders in the form of a network drive. RaiDrive is used for the Network Drive and Google Drive FTP Adapter will be used to establish the FTP server.Īre you looking to start your business in the electric vehicle industry? We provide software development, web application development, mobile application development, charging stations management app, electric vehicle fleet management software development, cyber security and all software services. We’ll take the support of two third-party tools. In this way, you can save a big amount of local storage since it doesn’t sync the entire folder/drive to your PC. If you use Google drive as a Network Drive, you get the possibility of exploring all your files and folders from the Windows Explorer. You do not need to sync the drive folders to your PC and also you need not worry about storage. When used as an FTP server, you have controlled backup and sync solution. That’s why Google Drive can be alternatively used as an FTP Server or a Network Drive. When you delete a file from your system it gets automatically removed from the cloud storage as well. The Drive is accessible from anywhere.Ĭonventional method of backup and sync is good enough. Google Drive is capable of storing different file types such as APK, XLS, and CSV, apart from the standard file formats. This article explains you how to use Google Drive as FTP server. ![]() ![]() The effects of some filters on this panel can be seen only when the image is 100 percent enlarged. The second tab in the toolbar is “Details,” which is responsible for sharpening and reducing noise. Ineffective Noise Reduction and Deep Sharpness Settings Those sliders stand for contrast, saturation, shadow/glare balance adjustments, and also tone curves that have an additional film simulation. ![]() In this Raw Therapee review section, we’ll talk about the program’s toolbar section called “Exposure.” It has sliders adjusting exposure values that can be easily reset via the “Neutral” button or moved to proposed positions with the “Auto Levels.” You can create and save your personal profiles that can be used while photo editing for keeping a consistent look. There are 32 RawTherapee profiles for photo editing they are so-called filters. ![]() Use this mode to view how images are displayed in monochrome or decide which channel can be edited. Previewing the brightness instantly shows the b&w photo editing without changing its initial settings. Previewing one separate channel comes in handy during RGB curves editing or planning a monochromatic conversion via a channel mixer, estimating image noise. You may use other modes for red, green, blue, and brightness channels, as well as a preview of the focus mask for viewing areas in focus. (They are also available using keyboard shortcuts.) Only one preview mode can be activated at a time. The RawTherapee toolbar provides eight preview modes to help you customize images preview. Read more about the best photo editing softwares to find a perfect program.The “History” on the left side of the workspace tracks all changes made to the selected photo. Thumbnails allow you to open depicted images after a double-click that launches toolbar and history panels in the opposite corners separately. This menu has seven pages covering general settings, editing background color, layout, doing image editing, file browsing, color management, batch editing, etc. Just access them with the “Preferences” button located in the upper right. To keep the RawTherapee review concise I will not go over all the seven pages of settings where you fully customize your working space to your particular needs. By default, the last opened directory will be visible after startup. After that, give RawTherapee time to process each file and depict miniatures in the central working window. With the first RawTherapee launch the file viewer tab will remain empty until you specify the location of the RAW photos intended for photo editing. ![]() Follow the link to the official webpage, select the version for your operating system, download and install RawTherapee. Unlike Photoshop, Lightroom or Capture One Pro, you don’t need to register to launch the RawTherapee download. It is positioned as software for deep color correction and quick cataloging, but you can also find here some advanced tools from Photoshop. RawTherapee is an open-source cross-platform photo editor. ![]() ![]() ![]() Honorable mention: Stippl: Explore, Plan & Shareīest with AI: Character AI: AI-Powered Chatīest App for Good: AWorld in support of ActNow.Honorable mention: ReciMe: Easy & Tasty Recipesīest Hidden Gem: Aware: Mindfulness & Wellbeing.Honorable mention: Imprint: Learn Visuallyīest Everyday Essential: Artifact: Feed Your Curiosity.Honorable mention: Reelsy Reel Maker Video Editorīest for Personal Growth: Voidpet Garden: Mental Health.Users’ Choice Game: MONOPOLY GO! Best apps of 2023īest for Fun: Bumble For Friends: Meet IRL From outstanding PC performance to flawless transition between screens on foldables, OUTERPLANE is visually stunning, technically impressive and just plain fun. While we love its charming characters and captivating story, OUTERPLANE’s ability to easily work across multiple devices sets it apart from other turn-based strategy experiences on Play. We love how you can remotely control playback on another device, and download tracks or episodes for offline playback.īest Multi-device Game: OUTERPLANE - Strategy Anime Whether listening to your favorite music in the kitchen, on the commute or out on a hike, Spotify shines when it comes to working smoothly across devices. By sprinkling lore and character backstories throughout the game, Honkai: Star Rail delivers lasting entertainment for role-playing game enthusiasts and newcomers alike. This sci-fi extravaganza takes the title of our best game of the year thanks to its excellent depth of content, stunning visuals and thoughtful design. Explore the worlds of psychology, history, health, technology and more in a brand new way. Best overall app and gameĪs our best app of 2023, Imprint: Learn Visually shares bite-sized lessons that use visual storytelling to bring concepts to life. We look forward to seeing what 2024 brings and continuing to help people discover new (and maybe their next favorite) apps, games and books - wherever they are, on whatever device. To find out the winners in other countries, visit the Best of 2023 page on the Play Store. Read on for the full list of award winners in the U.S. ![]() To reflect this year’s trends, we introduced new award categories that recognize helpful apps using the latest technology (such as “Best with AI” and “Best Game for Good”), and experiences that work well across a wide range of devices (such as “Best Multi-device App and Game” and “Best for Google Play Games on PC” ). Today, we’re celebrating their success with Google Play’s Best of 2023 Awards, a roundup of the best apps, games and books on Play. It’s been amazing to see developers showcase their creativity and build great content people love on Play. That included launching tools to help them make their apps more discoverable, generate revenue and protect users’ privacy. ![]() We also introduced new ways to redeem Play Points, along with new features and titles on Google Play Games on PC.Īnd because Play is only successful when our developers are, we continued to make updates to help them grow their businesses. For example, we made it even easier to discover all that Play has to offer, including for different device types like wearables, foldables and tablets. To support this entire community, we’ve made lots of improvements to the Play Store this year. One of the best parts of this job is that I get to see all the different ways Play impacts people around the world - whether it’s users discovering new trending apps, or developers building the game they’ve been dreaming of for years. These recovery options can help you undo the changes or repair the system if something goes wrong.Earlier this year, I took on a new role leading Google Play. Before proceeding, create a restore point in Windows 11 or recovery drive. Note that this process requires installing third-party modified files and packages and involves potential risks. Magisk is a root access utility wherein Open GApps offers up-to-date Google Apps packages.įor this guide, we will focus on the second method to install Google Play Store on Windows 11. The WSA installer consists of a modified WSA package with Magisk and Open GApps integration. Fortunately, a developer (Yujinchang08) on GitHub has simplified this process with a custom WSA installer. However, it is a complicated process and involves downloading several small packages and then moving them around. Also, this allows you to run Google Play Services-dependent apps. You can install a fully functional Google Play Store to remedy this problem. You also need to configure Android Debug Bridge (ADB) to install Android apps. ![]() However, finding APKs and installing them via the Command Prompt is cumbersome. How to Install Google Play Store on Windows 11Īs discussed earlier, you can sideload and run Android apps on Windows 11. However, you can install Google Play Store on Windows 11 to overcome this limitation. ![]() ![]() Interestingly, several caches of Guadalupe adzes have been documented that appear to be Well studied by Kenneth Brown and others and is clearly a woodworking tool used as an adze (see below). Guadalupe drainage basin (including its largest tributary, the San Antonio River). ![]() To the Rio Grande and east to just past the Guadalupe River the area of highest density is the greater They occur mainly in the northern part of the South Texas Plains from along the Balcones Escarpment, west Working end and having a flat, almost circular bit formed most often by very steep flat-faced bevel. Guadalupe tools date only to the Early Archaic and they have a most peculiar look, being very thick at the Some individual tools wereįound to have two different kinds of use polish “bolstering the image of a formal tool that was sometimes Some were also used on bone or antler, hide, and soft vegetal material. Dale Hudler’s thorough use-wear study ofĬlear Fork tools from southern and central Texas concluded that although many were woodworking tools, But smaller unifacial and bifacial adzes and gouges that haveīeen called Clear Fork tools occur in later Archaic contexts. Paleoindia era about 10,000 years ago, and probably considerably earlier. These artifacts first appear by end of the Late Largeīifacial Clear Fork tools have been found at some Paleoindian sites. Within the region, the Clear Fork name is applied to the earliest and largest gouges/adzes. To a considerable range of tools of varying size, form, and age. The Clear Fork category is also the most problematic because the style name has been applied In contrast, Clear Fork tools occur far to the north across the Edwards Plateau and into the Three are unique to the region and the distribution of the Guadalupe tool extends only just beyond the Include the following named types: Clear Fork, Guadalupe, Nueces, Dimmit, and Olmos. South Texas Plains except for projectile points and simple unmodified flake tools. As a group, they are probably the most common tool class found in the These differences have interesting functional implications that areĪnd there are lots of them. Hafted, that is they were affixed to wooden handles, but probably in several different ways, and others But they all have steeply beveled working ends and almost all of them areĬhunky (relatively thick) compared to projectile points and knives. Sometimes said to be “trifacial,” meaning that it almost has three flaked surfaces forming a And then there is the rather peculiar Guadalupe tool, which is Most were bifacially made, but some, especially earlyįorms were unifacial and made on large flakes in such a way that they have a flat (ventral) face and a That form an angle ranging from 45-85 degrees. Whether they have rounded or pointed proximal ends, andĬonvex, straight, or concave working edges, they all are characterized by distally beveled working edges Its forests of towering trees? We’ll come back to this very good question after describing these toolsĪdzes and gouges are relatively chunky stone tools that have a beveled (steep-angled) working end (bit)Īs a common element and most of them are wider at the working (distal) end than the opposite (proximal)Įnd, which is always rounded or blunt pointed. Why, you might wonder, were woodworking tools so common in a region that is not known for Most common and consistent kind of use wear evidence documented by several careful microscopic studies of But let’s stick with the main function-woodworking-because that is the In the South Texas Plains, necessity was the mother ofĪdaptive tool use, we might say. Stone tool forms used in the region (see Recycling). This tool class is yet another example of the Swiss-army-knife-like versatility of many of the We prefer to call them “adzes” and “gouges,”Īs both are functional terms that echo how we believe these tools were used.įirst and foremost they were woodworking tools, although some of them were used on scraping and shaping bone, hides, and Prehistoric era, from before 10,000 years ago onward. Geographically widespread, but various forms of these artifacts were used throughout most of the ![]() Of making woodworking tools in the South Texas Plains and they are found almost everywhere in the region. Tools, or just plain tools, but these distinctive chipped-stone artifacts represent a long-lived tradition We archeologists cannot seem to agree on whether to call them adzes, gouges, distally beveled ![]() |
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